中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
经典话剧《茶馆》在首都剧场再度上演 “老裕泰”兔年新春开张座无虚席******
本报记者 李俐
昨晚,北京人艺看家大戏《茶馆》在首都剧场开启新一轮演出,“老裕泰”茶馆在兔年新春再度呈现座无虚席的热闹盛况。在开年大戏《正红旗下》圆满完成首轮演出后,同样出自老舍之手的《茶馆》紧接着上演,不仅让节后的演出市场再度升温,也让观众再次体会到人艺经典的舞台号召力。
演出阵容超强
以庚子事变为叙事核心,话剧《正红旗下》将晚清的京城图景进行了一次翔实的舞台呈现,而《茶馆》则以同一时期的戊戌变法为开端,对清末至民国年间的京城众生进行了一次跨越数十年的描摹。“在《正红旗下》后,接着看《茶馆》,相信这样的安排会给观众一份惊喜。”北京人艺院长冯远征表示。
作为中国话剧舞台上里程碑式的作品,《茶馆》的经典地位毋庸置疑。老舍先生的剧本,焦菊隐、夏淳作为导演的创造,林兆华、杨立新担任复排艺术指导的继承,一代代表演艺术家对角色的塑造,共同成就了这部舞台经典。几十年来,《茶馆》在北京人艺的舞台上,如同一种精神,被坚守和传承;也如同一种仪式,伴随一代代观众和演员,连接起舞台上下。
经过了去年《茶馆》院庆纪念场的演出,线上线下观众共同见证了这部作品的演出盛况。今年归来,这一轮演出仍聚集了包括梁冠华、濮存昕、杨立新、何冰、吴刚、冯远征等在内的超强阵容,对观众而言,无疑又是一次观看人艺舞台中坚力量集体表演的戏剧盛宴。刚一开票,九场演出票就全部“秒空”,足见这部经典在观众心目中始终不变的吸引力。
打磨从未停止
本轮演出的排练首日正值春节,排练厅里一片节日团聚的气氛,大家互相拜个年,道几句家常话,将生活气息从台下延续到台上。二十余年的舞台沉淀,让这些角色在这代演员身上生长,而几十年的舞台配合,也让他们之间形成了不用言说的默契,正是这种默契,让舞台群像塑造得丝丝入扣。
此轮首演开启了《茶馆》第726场的演出。但作为经典,这部作品依旧没有停止打磨。无论是演员对角色背景的不断丰富,还是新演员进入剧组后,新老演员间的再次融合,都让这部作品的排练和演出再次碰撞出新的火花。
大幕拉开,观众首先看到的是茶馆中生动鲜活的一片景象。为了演好这被曹禺先生誉为“古今中外剧作中罕见的第一幕”,此轮排练中,执行复排艺术指导杨立新仍然反复要求演员去做好人物设定和场景训练,扎扎实实地演好每一个细节,即便是舞台上转瞬间的一举一动也要体现舞台真实。
传承不走样
“这是我演的第365场,还是356场,我得翻翻我的‘账本’。”从当初小心谨慎到现在越来越自信,饰演掌柜王利发的梁冠华已经陪伴这个角色走过了20多年。但他表示:“每次演出都有新鲜感,每一次讲出那些台词还是会心潮澎湃,因为老舍先生的剧本写得太好了,那些台词和历史、现实都结合得非常紧密,让我佩服他对社会发展的总结和预见。也正因为他写的是真实的人,所以才感人。”
“这些角色已经长在我们身上了,大家默契到了不用更多交流。”冯远征透露,尽管演员们已经对剧本再熟悉不过,但每一次排练仍很认真。他对自己的表演始终有要求,那就是“这一版《茶馆》在我们手里不能走样,精髓不能丢”。
“观众买票的理由首先是老舍先生,是文学滋养这个剧院,这个品质我们需要继承。”濮存昕希望,剧院的年轻演员能尽快成长起来,向老一辈表演艺术家的艺术标准看齐,不断提高品质,把这部经典延续下去。
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)