资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
中新社70年丨范长江之子范东升的“梦之旅”****** 不经意间到了怀旧的年龄,回顾平生,有两件事特别感到庆幸: 一是1977年恢复高考,我考上北大中文系新闻专业,从此改变了一生命运; 二是上个世纪90年代初成为中新社麾下一名新闻记者,因而有幸亲眼见证了改革开放给祖国大地带来的沧桑巨变。 重回塞外故地恍如隔世 在中新社做记者期间,有一次采访活动特别令人难忘:1997年正值内蒙古自治区成立50周年,7月中旬我们一行四人驱车前往呼和浩特、包头两市以及土默特左旗、武川县等地采访。 我本人有很深的“内蒙古情结”。 1936年我的父亲范长江先生作为《大公报》记者到绥远(今内蒙古地区)进行战地采访,随后写下《塞上行》一书。 30多年过后,1968年我与成千上万名北京男女知识青年一起到内蒙古插队,在那里度过8个春秋。我以中新社记者的身份再访内蒙古,差不多又一个30年过去了,重回塞外故地,真有恍如隔世之感。 ▲范东升重走《中国的西北角》之路留影那一年我17岁,被分配到土默特左旗塔布赛公社帐房大队落户。塔布赛村正是自治区主要创建者和领导人乌兰夫的家乡。 在1971年底我离开农村,又到呼和浩特市一家小厂当了5年学徒工。当时正处在“文革”时期,我也和其他北京知青一样,第一次备尝贫困疾苦的味道。 这里农村的贫穷落后远远超出城里人的想象。 农民的住宅都是用土坯搭盖的,整个村落一眼望去一片土黄。这里在严寒的冬天气温可降至摄氏零下二三十度,但很多人家连玻璃都买不起,只是在窗框上糊一层窗纸或旧报纸。 室外冰天雪地,室内也同样寒气透骨,却没有任何现代意义上的“取暖设备”,一般就是一家老小围坐在由做饭余温烘热的炕头上捱过寒冬。 村里刚刚通上电,但是许多老乡为了省电钱,吃了晚饭就上炕睡觉。挑灯夜读要算是知青们特别“奢侈”的一种“夜生活”了。 由于时常断电,于是买几两煤油倒在墨水瓶里,在瓶盖上打一个洞,穿上一根棉线做灯芯就是“煤油灯”。 “马莲滩上盖起游乐场” 此次专程回到土左旗采访,发现20多年来这里发生了奇迹般的变化,几乎令人难以置信。 我带领记者团一行驱车沿刚刚建成通车的察素齐—塔布赛县道“回娘家”,只花了半个多小时。回想当年村里的知青去一趟旗里,沿60里的土路常常步行要走一整天。 ▲范东升带领记者团队采访帐房村里一幢幢“四角落地”(即墙的四角砌有砖柱)式或全砖木结构的住房取代了昔日的土坯房。 老乡们谈起现在的生活变化,不住地说:“好了,都好了!比你们在时强多了!”帐房的乡亲从过去以粗粮为主改为吃白面、大米为主,莜面反成了稀罕物,爱吃莜面的,还要到出产莜面的武川县买回来。 老乡家里,收录机、电视机已不新鲜,富裕人家购置了手扶拖拉机或小四轮拖拉机,有的甚至拥有汽车。 旗政府所在地察素齐镇已经由一个“大村庄”,发展成了一个百业兴盛、市容井然的塞外新城。 我们采访土左旗云中义旗长时,他如数家珍地用一连串惊人的统计数字来介绍改革开放以后土左旗的飞跃发展。 土左旗已陆续兴建金山经济技术开发区、哈素海旅游开发区和白庙开发区。其中哈素海约有30平方公里,风光秀丽,已开发成为一处新的旅游避暑胜地。 我不由得清晰记起自己在梦境中吟出的两句诗:“几回回梦里回帐房,马莲滩上盖起游乐场……”。 历史与现实的对照 刚刚离开麦菽飘香的土默川平原,我于8月上旬又应台湾海基会的邀请,参加中国记协的大陆期刊代表团访问祖国宝岛台湾。 在10天环台岛访问期间,随团沿高速公路从台北市出发一路南行,过台中市,观日月潭,登阿里山,访高雄港,再自西向东飞越中部山脉,到台湾东部的花莲市采访之后,意犹未尽地返回台北。 此次仲夏的两地采访活动,对我来说可称为梦幻般的旅程,历史与现实的对照,祖国大陆与台湾经济状况的比较,令人感慨万端。 在采访活动结束之后,我写下长篇纪行《梦之旅》连载于《华声》杂志。 台湾地区有“亚洲四小龙”之一的称誉,而在上世纪90年代中国大陆的经济腾飞尚处在初期阶段,与台湾当时的社会经济发展水平还有比较明显的差距。 我在文中这样写道:“自上世纪80年代以来,祖国大陆正以同样迅疾的步伐,以更加宏大的规模开始经济起飞,很有可能创下世纪之交的新的中国奇迹。” 20多年前我在文中做出的预言,今天已经成为活生生的现实。当年我父亲笔下的那个内忧外患、饿殍遍野的旧中国早已一去不复返。 ▲范东升参加新闻文风改革暨“中新风格”学术研讨会 中新社记者 富田 摄作为新中国的新闻工作者,能够亲眼观察在改革开放中祖国人民拼搏奋进的历史进程,亲手记录中华民族走向伟大复兴的辉煌业绩,我感到无比的幸福和自豪。 作者:范东升(中国新闻社原编委会成员) 原文刊登于中新社《离退月报》
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